March 2021 – Dr. Rachel

Digital Fatigue

Rachel Horrocks Birss Blended Learning, Lightning Sessions 12th March 2021Academic Skills, Blended Learning, challenges, Digital, focus, Lightning Sessions, motivation, online, online lectures, online tools, productivity, recorded lectures, self-care, stress, time management, wellbeing, work 0 Comment

After a year of lockdowns, we’re all experiencing some level of digital fatigue. Whether we’re suffering physical consequences like headaches or eyestrain, or mental symptoms like lack of motivation or depression, digital fatigue can have a severe impact upon our wellbeing.

The good news is that there’s lots we can do to combat digital fatigue and improve our wellbeing, even during this unusual year. Watch our Lightning Session recording to learn more, then scroll down for our top tips!

There are all kinds of strategies we can use to combat digital fatigue. Here, we’ve grouped them into three categories: Before, During, and After, your online experience.

Before

Fighting digital fatigue starts even before you get online. The most important thing is to make sure you have a good space to work. We may not all have the luxury of a home office, but make sure you have a well-lit place to work with a good chair. Adjust your screen brightness depending on the time of day, and, if you find your eyes get tired quickly, book an eye test with your optometrist to make sure you’ve got the right prescription.

During

When you’re working on your computer, monotasking is key. Avoid switching back and forth between windows during a class, or getting distracted by social media when you should be writing an essay. Activities like switching between tabs or scrolling on social media are actually incredibly tiring for our eyes, so it’s best to minimize them. Instead, try taking physical notes (or even doodling!) during class so your eyes aren’t glued to the screen the whole time. You should also remember the 20/20/20 rule, where every 20 minutes you look 20 feet away for 20 seconds.

After

The best way to beat digital fatigue is to get away from the screen. When you’re finished with your onscreen work, take a proper break away from your computer or phone. It’s particularly good to get out and do something physical, like taking a walk or stretching. If you’re working from home, it helps to set boundaries at the end of your day, where you close all your work tabs or shut down your laptop completely, so you’re not distracted by work when you should be winding down in the evening.

Strategies like these won’t make digital fatigue go away entirely, but they will help you to stay healthy and improve your wellbeing, even in these challenging circumstances!

Presenting Online

Rachel Horrocks Birss Blended Learning, Lightning Sessions 12th March 2021Academic Skills, Blended Learning, challenges, confidence, Lightning Sessions, online tools, presentations, stress 0 Comment

Presentations are one of the most useful- and most feared- university assignments. For most of us, speaking in front of a group of people or filming ourselves giving a talk will be one of the most nerve-wracking things we’ll do at university. While it may be scary, presenting is also one of the most relevant and helpful skills for when we leave university and join the workforce. Nearly all jobs involve some form of public speaking, whether you’re a lawyer, a nurse, a teacher, or a CEO.

In this Lightning Session, we explore various ways to improve your presentation skills, with a particular focus on presenting online.

Presentation Tips

While it sometimes feels like some people are born presenters, the reality is that there are plenty of simple tips and tricks that any of can implement to improve our presentation skills.

Keep it Simple. Academic presentations don’t have to be confusing! Having a single key point with just 2-3 clearly-signposted subpoints will make sure your listeners can follow along easily.
Use Your Voice. Avoid simply reading from a script in a monotone voice. Instead, vary your tone and pitch to create interest. Most importantly, remember to sound enthusiastic; if you care about your topic, your audience will, too!
Practice! The absolute best way to improve your presentation skills is to practice. The more times you rehearse your presentation, the more confident and comfortable you’ll be. Also, on a larger scale, the more presentations you give, the better you’ll get.

Online Presentations

Online presentations offer some unique challenges, but some aspects are actually easier online! Watch this short video to learn how to set up your presentation environment and take advantage of the online format.

[Note: this video is primarily focussed on pre-recorded presentations rather than live, but most of the tips apply to both]

Dealing with Nerves

Feeling nervous is an entirely normal part of public speaking. While presenters typically look confident up on stage, the reality is that even experienced public speakers often still experience intense nervousness!

A few quick tips to control your nerves:

Recognise that nervousness isn’t always bad. In fact, some level of stress actually provides us with the adrenalin rush we need to perform at our best.
Take deep breaths. Anything that slows your heart rate down, like deep breaths or stretching, will help you calm your nerves and prepare your mind.
Practice, practice, practice! The more presentations you give, and the more often you practice your presentations, the more confident you’ll feel and the less nervous you’ll be.

Want more tips? Check out our full Presentation Skills resource for more tips and links to helpful videos.

Developing Confidence

Rachel Horrocks Birss Lightning Sessions 12th March 2021Academic Skills, challenges, confidence, imposter syndrome, Lightning Sessions, self-care, university, wellbeing, work 1 Comment

For many of us, feeling confident at university isn’t something that comes naturally. When we’re surrounded by so many intelligent people, we might feel like we’re not as smart as everyone else, or like we don’t belong. This feeling is called Imposter Syndrome, and almost everyone experiences it at some point- even academics at the top of their careers!

Even if we aren’t naturally confident, the good news is that there are all kinds of tips and tricks we can use to develop our confidence while at university. Watch the recording of our Lightning Session, then scroll down for our top tips!

1. Get Organized

Confidence is all about having control, and the best way to feel in control of your life is to get organised. This will typically involve using a diary and/or a to-do list to keep track of your tasks and make sure you start your assignments on time. When you’ve got everything written down and planned out, then you can move forward with your work, without stressing about whether or not you’ve forgotten something.

2. Stay Positive

As human beings, we often tend to focus on the negative. When we get an exam back, we notice the one question we got wrong, not the nine we answered correctly. To improve your confidence, take steps to remember the good things you’ve accomplished, like keeping a folder of positive feedback or a “Done” list of everything you’ve accomplished that day/week/semester.

3. Watch Your Self-Talk

All human beings have something that psychologists call our “explanatory style.” For an example, when you get a good mark on an essay, do you think “I’m a good writer,” or do you think, “My marker is really generous”? Similarly, if you do poorly on an exam, do you think, “I’m so stupid” or do you remember that you had a migraine that day, so you couldn’t do your best work? The way that we explain events to ourselves has a massive impact on our confidence, so the next time you find yourself explaining away a positive event or blaming yourself for a negative event, take a moment to notice your self-talk and consider other, more positive, explanations.

In Your Own Words

Rachel Horrocks Birss Essays, Lightning Sessions 12th March 2021Academic Skills, challenges, citation, Essays, Lightning Sessions, paraphrasing, plagiarism, referencing, research, sources, writing 0 Comment

When we use other sources in our essay, we’re often told to put the other author’s ideas into “our own words.” But what does this mean? And why is it so important at university? Putting another author’s idea into your own words is called paraphrasing, and it’s a key university skill.

When you cite evidence in an assignment, you have two options – you can quote directly or you can paraphrase. Paraphrasing is a key element of using evidence effectively and ethically. In some disciplines, particularly in the Sciences, direct quotation is used very sparingly and it’s essential that you develop strong paraphrasing skills.

In other disciplines, quotation may be more acceptable, but that doesn’t mean that you should avoid paraphrasing altogether. Good writing will often combine the two, and using paraphrasing appropriately and effectively will allow your voice to come over more strongly so that when you do use direct quotation will have more impact.

So, how can you begin to develop this key skill? Have a look at the recording of our ‘In Your Own Words’ Lightning Session then scroll down for our key steps for paraphrasing.

Step 1: Understand Why

Paraphrasing basically means putting someone else’s argument or idea into your own words. As we mentioned above, it’s an alternative to using direct quotation. But when and why would you use it?

As we’ve already seen, it may simply be the convention of your discipline to paraphrase evidence rather than to use direct quotation. In such disciplines you really don’t have much option other than to develop your paraphrasing skills.

In other disciplines there’s more choice. Often, paraphrasing allows you to express or show understanding of an idea or argument more clearly or concisely than the original quote, particularly if that quote is lengthy and you can summarise it effectively.

One useful way of thinking about whether to quote or paraphrase is to ask yourself why you want to use that evidence. If there’s something important about the way the idea or argument has been expressed, you may wish to quote directly (if your discipline allows). If it’s just the idea itself that you’re drawing upon, paraphrasing may be a more suitable option.

Step 2: Avoid ‘Word Substitution’

One important thing to avoid when paraphrasing is word substitution. As the name suggests, this occurs where you leave the original structure of the sentence intact and simply work your way along substituting words of the same or similar meaning.

This invariably results in clunky, clumsy prose. More importantly, it’s not good paraphrasing – indeed, it may be considered a form of plagiarism, even though you’ve cited the source. So, move the original text out of sight and instead focus on the idea or argument and try to express or summarise that in your own way.

Step 3: Practice Techniques

Okay, so you’ve hidden the original and now you want to try to summarise or explain the idea in your own words. One useful tip here is to imagine explaining it out loud to a friend, a fellow student, or your tutor. How would you explain it without having the quote in front of you?

Remember, we’re focused on the idea here and why you want to use it, so another helpful tip is to think carefully about how the paraphrase will fit into your wider point or argument. What will you go on to say about this evidence? Thinking about that may help you summarise the key points in an effective way. Just be careful not to change the meaning – when paraphrasing we must be careful not to twist the evidence to suit our own arguments.

For more useful advice, check out our video on paraphrasing (below). And one final point – paraphrasing may sound like a lot of work but with practice and experience it will become second nature and you’ll do it almost without thinking. So stick with it, and before long you’ll have this important skill mastered.

This blog post was written by Dr Gordon Spark (Academic Skills Centre).

Note-Taking Online

Rachel Horrocks Birss Blended Learning, Library, Lightning Sessions 1st March 2021Academic Skills, Blended Learning, challenges, library, Lightning Sessions, literature search, note-taking, online tools, referencing, research, writing 0 Comment

Now more than ever we consume information digitally, through e-books, electronic journals and websites. This adds an increased layer of complexity in research, since you don’t have the physical item to highlight, cover with post-its, and file into a neatly divided folder (unless of course you are willing to print a small rainforest’s worth of paper).

There are many online tools, often freely available or already incorporated into online databases, available to help you take notes just as effectively online and we could on physical books!

Watch our Lightning Session to learn more about note-taking and see a few of the best tools in action! Then scroll down for our top tips, and for links to access these tools.

Top Note-Taking Tips

Organising notes by subheadings/topics

Keep related research notes together. You could organise by module topics, or by the essay subheadings. Colour coding and folders/tabs are an excellent way to visually organise your notes! By grouping notes together, you can build a clear picture of the key ideas and authors in your subject. You could even try organising chronologically, so you can see how research within you field has developed over time.

Write notes in your own words

Summarise the source’s main points in your own words. Not everything in an article or book will be relevant to your own work, so you should pull out and highlight the most applicable points. This ensures you understand what is being said and how it fits into your own research. It’s also a good habit to annotate as you read, such as points of interest, facts to check, sources to follow up on etc.

Record and save your research notes

Have a system in place to record and save your research notes as you go. It’s all too easy to forget where you located a source, especially when researching online. While this takes time initially, your hard work will pay off when it’s time to write your bibliography, and you’ve got all the information at your fingertips!

Online Note-Taking Tools

Accessing information online presents many challenges in organising, annotating and recording your notes. That said, there are so many opportunities to work in a paperless way. You can access your notes at a click of a button and save notes to the Cloud to lessen the risk of loss or damage.

Some of our favourite online tools which can help organise your notes digitally include:

OneNote

Part of the Office 365 suite which you can access for free as a University of Dundee student (see this Guide for more details). OneNote allows you to replicate the structure of a physical notebook with different tabs and pages which can be used to organise notes by topic, lecture or any other way which is helpful to you. Microsoft have created free training resources on their Office Support site to help you get to grips with OneNote. Once you get your head around the basics you will have lots of flexibility to organise your notes, back up notes to the Cloud, and share them with other people.

PDF Annotating

Free web-based tools can help you annotate PDF documents, such as Kami or Diigo. You can also do this on most reference management software, such as EndNote. These tools allow you to highlight and add notes directly on a PDF file which can be saved and downloaded for future use.

Bookmarking and adding notes to eBooks

While many people dislike reading books from their screens, some tasks are actually easier this way. For example, most platforms allow you to bookmark pages and add annotations which will be saved for next time you access the book. You can also keyword search within the whole text. For easy access you can create your own bookshelf within the eBook platform and save a link to the book in your OneNote.

Mind-mapping

Displaying the connections between your notes in a visual way can be helpful when planning an essay or revising a topic. Coggle is a free online mind-mapping tool which is simple to use and can help you organise the your research, either by creating a mind map for a single journal article to summarise its main points or creating a more complex topic map linking different information sources. Coggle also allows you to download your mind map in a PDF format, so you can save it locally or embed it within a OneNote.

Whatever tools you decide to use for your online note-taking, make sure that the system you build is sustainable. Everyone is different, and you should focus on the finding tools that work for you, ensuring they streamline your processes and enhance your notes, rather than making things more complicated.

There’s nothing to lose in trying out a few of the of the tools mentioned in this post, though, and indeed, you may save a tree or two!

This blog post was written by Kayleigh McGarry (Library and Learning Centre).